Concrete Construction Engineering Handbook

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A brace is any structural member used to support another,always designed for compression loads and sometimes for tension under special load conditions.In formwork,diagonal bracing is a supplementary(not horizontal or vertical)member designed to resist lateral load.Form braces are frequently made of wood or steel.Commercial steel pipe braces in various diameters and wall thicknesses and load-rated for adjustable lengths are popular. Buckling strength of braces is always a primary design consideration.
Horizontal lacing,horizontal members attached to shores or braces to reduce their unsupported length,can thus increase the available load capacity.Both bracing and lacing must be adequately connected at each end.This can be accomplished with bolts,nails,and a variety of commercial devices,depending on the materials involved. When attaching braces to the ground,a buried or above-ground concrete mass known as a deadman is sometimes used (Figure 7.20).